The thesis research of John Valenza revealed the mechanism responsible for salt scaling of concrete. The theory and the experimental verification are presented in the following papers. The thesis research of Zhenhua Sun has extended the theory, explaining how air entrainment reduces the damage.
Relevant papers:
“Mechanisms of Frost Damage”, G.W. Scherer and J.J. Valenza II, pp. 209-246 in Materials Science of Concrete, Vol. VII, eds. J. Skalny and F. Young (American Ceramic Society, 2005)
“Mechanisms of Salt Scaling”, J.J. Valenza II and G.W. Scherer, Materials and Structures 38 (May 2005) 479-488
This paper was a feature article in JACerS:
“Mechanism of Salt Scaling”, J. J. Valenza II and G.W. Scherer, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89 [4] 1161–1179 (2006)
“Mechanism for Salt Scaling of a Cementitious Surface”, J.J. Valenza II and G.W. Scherer, Materials and Structures, 40 (2007) 259-268
“A Review of Salt Scaling: I. Phenomenology”, J.J. Valenza II and G.W. Scherer, Cement Concrete Res. 37 (2007) 1007–1021
“A Review of Salt Scaling: II. Mechanisms”, J.J. Valenza II and G.W. Scherer, Cement Concrete Res. 37 (2007) 1007–1021
“Ability of the Glue Spall Model to Account for the De-Icer Salt Scaling Deterioration of Concrete”, M-H Tremblay, F. Lory, J. Marchand, G. W. Scherer, J.J. Valenza, paper W4-07.3 in Proc. 12th ICCC, eds. J.J. Beaudoin, J.M. Makar, L. Raki (National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Canada, 2007) ISBN 978-0-660-19695-4
“Modeling damage from ice and salt”, G.W. Scherer, pp. 13-23 in Proc. Int. RILEM Symp. On Concrete Modelling (CONMOD ’08), eds. E. Schlangen and G. DeSchutter (RILEM, Bagneux, France, 2008) ISBN-13: 978-2-35158-060-8
“Effect of Air Voids on the Dilatation of Mortar During Freezing”, Z. Sun and G.W. Scherer, p. 896-901 in Poromechanics IV, Proc. Fourth Biot Conf. on Poromechanics, New York, 2009. eds. H.I. Ling, A. Smyth, R. Betti (DEStech Publications, Lancaster, PA, 2009)
“Effect of Air Voids on Salt Scaling”, Z. Sun and G.W. Scherer, Cement Concr. Res., 40 (2010) 260–270
“Poromechanics of Frost Damage”, G.W. Scherer, pp. 153-168 in Proc. Mechanics and Physics of Porous Solids, Champs-sur-Marne, April, 2011 (Ifsttar, Paris, 2011) ISBN 978-2-7208-2593-4